Sexual misconduct in the Catholic Church undermined the credibility of religious authorities, and the rise of urban police forces helped distinguish crime from sin. During this time, the philosophy of liberalism developed and was popularized, and migration to cities increased opportunities for sex and made enforcement of rules more difficult than in small villages. History professor Faramerz Dabhoiwala cites the Age of Enlightenment-approximately the 18th century-as a major period of transition in the United Kingdom. These attitudes were replaced by Christian prohibitions on homosexual acts and any sex outside marriage (including with slaves and prostitutes). In contrast, female chastity was required for respectable women, to ensure the integrity of family bloodlines. Male promiscuity was considered normal and healthy as long as masculinity was maintained, associated with being the penetrating partner. Romans accepted and legalized prostitution, bisexuality, and pederasty. Exemplary for this period is the rise and differentiation in forms of regulating sexuality.Ĭlassics professor Kyle Harper uses the phrase 'first sexual revolution' to refer to the displacement of the norms of sexuality in Ancient Rome with those of Christianity as it was adopted throughout the Roman Empire. However, it did not lead to the rise of a 'permissive society'. In the first sexual revolution (1870–1910), Victorian morality lost its universal appeal. When speaking of the sexual revolution, historians make a distinction between the first and the second sexual revolution. According to Konstantin Dushenko, the term was in use in Soviet Russia in 1925. White, has a chapter titled 'The Sexual Revolution: Being a Rather Complete Survey of the Entire Sexual Scene'. The term appeared as early as 1929 the book Is Sex Necessary? Or, Why You Feel the Way You Do by James Thurber and E. The term 'sexual revolution' itself has been used since at least the late 1920s. Several other periods in Western culture have been called the 'first sexual revolution', to which the 1960s revolution would be the second (or later).

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